/* Original editorial design. Photographs retain their supplied colors. */
:root {
  color-scheme: dark;
  --canvas: #181717;
  --ink: #1c1b1a;
  --text: rgba(255, 251, 246, .94);
  --muted: rgba(241, 234, 227, .84);
  --accent: #bc242d;
  --accent-surface: rgba(179, 24, 33, .90);
  --on-accent: rgba(255, 250, 245, .97);
  --line: rgba(255, 249, 243, .22);
  --line-strong: rgba(255, 249, 243, .48);
  --surface: rgba(24, 23, 23, .20);
  --sans: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Baskerville", "Times New Roman", serif;
  --gutter: clamp(24px, 5.2vw, 100px);
  --frame: 16px;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-synthesis: none;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 24px; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--canvas); color: var(--text); line-height: 1.6; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
body::after { content: ""; position: fixed; z-index: 80; inset: 0; border: var(--frame) solid var(--ink); pointer-events: none; }
::selection { background: var(--accent-surface); color: var(--on-accent); }
/* A single fixed photograph remains visible behind every text section. */
.site-background { position: fixed; z-index: 0; inset: 0; pointer-events: none; background: var(--canvas); }
.background-filter-defs { position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden; }
/* The image's inline filter keeps its SVG fragment reference local to the document. */
.site-background > img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 0%; opacity: 1; }
/* Leave the sky and sun unshaded; ease into a light scrim below the skyline. */
.background-shade { position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(24,23,23,0) 0%, rgba(24,23,23,0) 26%, rgba(24,23,23,.16) 44%, rgba(24,23,23,.38) 76%, rgba(24,23,23,.46) 100%); }
main { position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 0 var(--frame); background: transparent; }
figure img { opacity: 1; filter: none; }
button, a { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; }
a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: 5px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-color: var(--text); }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--text); outline-offset: 6px; }
.paper-section a:focus-visible { outline-color: var(--text); }
button { font: inherit; }
button[hidden] { display: none; }
img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
figure, p, h1, h2, h3, h4, ol, dl, dd { margin: 0; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-weight: 500; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(42px, 4.8vw, 76px); line-height: 1.02; letter-spacing: -.045em; }
h2 em { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; z-index: 100; top: -100px; left: 20px; padding: 12px 20px; color: var(--text); background: var(--canvas); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 20px; }
.reading-progress { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 2px; z-index: 90; pointer-events: none; }
.reading-progress span { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: var(--accent); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left; }
.hero { position: relative; min-height: 780px; height: calc(100svh - var(--frame)); max-height: 1120px; margin-top: var(--frame); overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; background: transparent; text-shadow: 0 2px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.35); }
.hero-topline { position: absolute; top: 42px; left: var(--gutter); right: var(--gutter); display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.hero-content { position: absolute; bottom: 192px; left: var(--gutter); right: var(--gutter); }
.eyebrow { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .12em; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: 500; }
.hero .eyebrow { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.red-dash { width: 38px; height: 4px; background: var(--accent); }
.hero h1 { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; width: fit-content; line-height: .83; }
.hero-first, .hero-last { font: 600 clamp(82px, 9vw, 158px)/.94 var(--sans); letter-spacing: -.055em; color: var(--text); }
.hero-last { margin-top: 14px; }
.hero-bottom { position: absolute; left: var(--gutter); right: var(--gutter); bottom: 38px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: end; gap: 24px; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 2px solid var(--accent); }
.hero-scroll { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 17px; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .08em; text-decoration: none; width: fit-content; }
.scroll-arrow { font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.1; transition: transform .2s; }
.hero-scroll:hover .scroll-arrow { transform: translateY(5px); }
.hero-bottom p { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.hero-bottom p span { display: block; margin-top: 5px; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.section-pad { padding: 82px var(--gutter) 104px; }
.dark-section, .paper-section, .red-section { background: var(--surface); color: var(--text); text-shadow: 0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.45); }
.section-topline { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; padding-bottom: 18px; margin-bottom: 66px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .12em; }
/* Repeated red chapter tabs give each section the same editorial treatment. */
.section-topline > span:first-child { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 12px; background: var(--accent-surface); color: var(--on-accent); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.45; }
.paper-section .section-topline { border-color: var(--line); }
.red-section .section-topline { border-color: var(--line); }
.about-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .85fr) minmax(0, 1.15fr); gap: 11%; }
.about-heading h2 { margin-bottom: 32px; }
.portrait { max-width: 260px; margin-left: 0; }
.portrait img { aspect-ratio: 757 / 1040; object-fit: cover; }
figcaption { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.portrait figcaption { color: var(--muted); }
.intro-lead { max-width: 660px; font-size: clamp(24px, 2.6vw, 37px); line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: -.025em; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.intro-lead strong { font-weight: 500; color: var(--text); }
.about-copy > p:not(.intro-lead) { color: var(--text); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.85; max-width: 700px; margin-top: 24px; }
.about-copy > p:not(.intro-lead) strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
.section-heading-row { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 32px; margin-bottom: 68px; }
.experience-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr); gap: 8%; }
.column-title { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong); font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.column-marker { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 30px; height: 30px; background: var(--accent-surface); color: var(--on-accent); font: italic 22px/1 var(--serif); }
.experience-item { min-height: 190px; padding: 30px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.item-topline { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 9px; }
.date { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .045em; color: var(--muted); }
.current-label { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; color: var(--text); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.current-label::before { content: ""; width: 5px; height: 5px; background: var(--accent); border-radius: 50%; }
.experience-item h4 { margin-top: 15px; font-size: clamp(25px, 2.45vw, 36px); letter-spacing: -.035em; line-height: 1.25; }
.experience-item h4 span { display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0; font-weight: 400; }
.experience-item.current h4 { color: var(--text); }
.role { font-size: 16px; margin-top: 6px; }
.experience-detail { color: var(--muted); font-size: 16px; margin-top: 10px; }
.location { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.publication-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,.82fr) minmax(0,1.18fr); gap: 8%; align-items: start; }
.publication-heading { position: sticky; top: 126px; }
.publication-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(40px, 4.2vw, 66px); }
.publication-heading > p { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 28px; font-size: 17px; }
.publication-list { padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.publication-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 26px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 16px; padding: 30px 0 34px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.publication-number { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); padding-top: 3px; }
.publication-venue { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 8px; color: var(--text); font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.publication-venue span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.publication-list h3 { margin-top: 13px; font-size: clamp(22px, 2.05vw, 29px); line-height: 1.28; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.authors { margin-top: 17px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--muted); }
.authors strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; }
.publication-journal { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); }
.earlier-research { margin-top: 64px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.earlier-research summary { padding: 22px 0; font-size: 17px; cursor: pointer; }
.earlier-research summary::marker { color: var(--text); }
.earlier-research summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--text); outline-offset: 4px; }
.earlier-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 260px), 1fr)); gap: 32px 7%; padding: 6px 0 30px; }
.earlier-grid .date { color: var(--muted); }
.earlier-grid h3 { margin: 10px 0; font-size: 23px; }
.earlier-grid article > p:last-child { font-size: 16px; color: var(--text); }
.education-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,.85fr); gap: 10%; align-items: start; }
.education-copy h2 { margin-bottom: 40px; }
.education-list article { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 25px 0 28px; }
.education-list h3 { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-size: 25px; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.education-list .degree { font-size: 17px; color: var(--text); }
.education-list article > p:not(.date) { margin-top: 8px; }
.education-list p:not(.degree):not(.date) { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
.graduation-photo { position: relative; margin-top: 7px; }
.graduation-photo img { aspect-ratio: 1122 / 1402; object-fit: cover; }
.graduation-photo figcaption { position: relative; align-items: flex-end; margin-top: 0; padding: 26px 0 0 28px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.8; }
.graduation-year { position: relative; margin-top: -88px; color: var(--on-accent); background: var(--accent-surface); padding: 14px 19px 10px 13px; font-size: clamp(48px, 5.5vw, 86px); font-weight: 600; line-height: .82; letter-spacing: -.07em; }
.graduation-year > span { color: inherit; }
.teaching { padding-bottom: 80px; }
.teaching .section-topline { margin-bottom: 46px; }
.teaching-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,.9fr) minmax(0,1.1fr); gap: 8%; }
.teaching h2 { font-size: clamp(42px, 4.8vw, 76px); line-height: 1.02; letter-spacing: -.045em; }
.teaching-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong); }
.teaching-list > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 18px; padding: 19px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.teaching-list dt { font-size: 14px; padding-top: 2px; }
.teaching-list dd { font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.beyond-intro { padding-bottom: 64px; }
.sparring-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,.84fr) minmax(0,1.16fr); gap: 7%; align-items: start; }
.sparring-copy h2 { font-size: clamp(45px, 5.4vw, 87px); line-height: .96; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.065em; white-space: nowrap; }
.ampersand { font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; }
.red-text { color: var(--text); }
.interests-copy { max-width: 440px; margin-top: 34px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.8; }
.sparring-feature { margin-top: 0; position: relative; }
.sparring-feature > img { aspect-ratio: 1.23; object-fit: cover; object-position: 48% center; }
.sparring-feature figcaption { color: var(--muted); }
.training-gallery { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1.45fr) minmax(0,1fr); gap: 46px 6%; margin-top: 76px; align-items: start; }
.training-gallery figure { min-width: 0; }
.training-gallery figcaption { color: var(--muted); }
.training-wide { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
.training-wide img { aspect-ratio: 1182 / 666; object-fit: cover; }
.training-tall { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / 3; margin-top: 110px; margin-left: 10%; }
.training-tall img { aspect-ratio: 724 / 1086; object-fit: cover; }
.training-team { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2 / 4; }
.training-team img { aspect-ratio: 3297 / 2213; object-fit: cover; }
.gallery-note { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 3; align-self: end; margin-left: 10%; padding-bottom: 7px; }
.gallery-note-rule { display: block; width: 40px; height: 3px; background: var(--accent); margin-bottom: 20px; }
.gallery-note p { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; }
.contact { padding-bottom: 26px; }
.contact .section-topline { margin-bottom: 54px; }
.back-top { text-decoration: none; font-size: 12px; }
.back-top span { margin-left: 14px; font-size: 20px; }
.contact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr); gap: 8%; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 90px; }
.contact h2 { font-size: clamp(42px, 4.8vw, 76px); line-height: 1.02; }
.contact-details > div { padding: 19px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.contact-label { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--muted); }
.email-link { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 14px; font-size: clamp(16px, 1.5vw, 23px); text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.email-link:hover { color: var(--text); }
.wechat-id { font-size: 20px; }
.contact-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 24px; }
.contact-links a { font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; }
.contact-links a:hover { color: var(--text); }
.footer-bottom { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 18px; padding-top: 23px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .03em; }
@media (min-width: 1700px) {
  :root { --gutter: max(90px, calc((100vw - 1510px) / 2)); }
}
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .about-grid { gap: 7%; }
  .portrait { margin-left: 4%; }
  .column-title { font-size: 18px; gap: 9px; }
  .education-grid { gap: 7%; }
  .training-tall { margin-top: 75px; }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root { --frame: 10px; --gutter: 30px; }
  .hero { min-height: 780px; max-height: 1050px; }
  .hero-first, .hero-last { font-size: 105px; }
  .hero-topline { top: 36px; }
  .hero-content { bottom: 180px; }
  .hero-bottom { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; }
  .hero-bottom > p { text-align: right; }
  .section-pad { padding-top: 64px; padding-bottom: 78px; }
  .section-topline { margin-bottom: 44px; }
  .about-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,.8fr) minmax(0,1.2fr); gap: 6%; }
  .about h2 { font-size: 42px; }
  .portrait { margin-left: 0; }
  .about-copy > p:not(.intro-lead) { font-size: 16px; }
  .intro-lead { font-size: 28px; }
  .experience-grid { gap: 6%; }
  .experience-item { min-height: 182px; }
  .experience-item h4 { font-size: 28px; }
  .item-topline { align-items: flex-start; }
  .publication-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 44px; }
  .publication-heading { position: static; }
  .publication-heading h2 { font-size: 52px; }
  .publication-heading > p { margin-top: 22px; }
  .publication-list h3 { font-size: 26px; }
  .education-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1.1fr) minmax(0,.9fr); gap: 6%; }
  .education-copy h2 { font-size: 48px; }
  .graduation-photo { margin-top: 100px; }
  .graduation-photo figcaption { flex-wrap: wrap; padding-left: 12px; }
  .graduation-year { font-size: 62px; }
  .teaching-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 36px; }
  .teaching-list > div { grid-template-columns: 145px minmax(0,1fr); }
  .sparring-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 42px; }
  .sparring-copy { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 25px 7%; }
  .sparring-copy h2 { font-size: 52px; }
  .interests-copy { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; }
  .sparring-feature > img { aspect-ratio: 1.9; }
  .training-gallery { gap: 32px 6%; margin-top: 44px; }
  .training-tall { margin-top: 50px; margin-left: 0; }
  .gallery-note { margin-left: 0; }
  .gallery-note p { font-size: 14px; }
  .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.2fr; gap: 6%; }
  .contact h2 { font-size: 66px; }
  .contact-links { gap: 16px; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  :root { --frame: 8px; --gutter: 22px; }
  .site-background > img { object-position: 54% 0%; }
  .hero { min-height: 720px; height: calc(100svh - var(--frame)); }
  .hero-topline { top: 30px; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .06em; }
  .hero-topline { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .hero-content { bottom: 167px; }
  .hero .eyebrow { max-width: 280px; font-size: 12px; gap: 9px; letter-spacing: .045em; margin-bottom: 25px; }
  .red-dash { width: 20px; flex-shrink: 0; }
  .hero-first, .hero-last { font-size: clamp(62px, 18vw, 108px); }
  .hero-bottom { bottom: 26px; gap: 16px; padding-top: 21px; }
  .hero-scroll { gap: 10px; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .02em; }
  .scroll-arrow { font-size: 27px; }
  .hero-bottom > p { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; }
  .hero-bottom > p span { font-size: 12px; }
  .section-pad { padding-top: 48px; padding-bottom: 58px; }
  .section-topline { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .06em; margin-bottom: 36px; }
  h2 { font-size: 46px; }
  .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 36px; }
  .about-heading { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr .8fr; gap: 22px; align-items: start; }
  .about-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(29px, 7.5vw, 44px); margin-bottom: 0; }
  .portrait { max-width: none; }
  .portrait figcaption { display: block; margin-top: 8px; font-size: 12px; }
  .portrait figcaption > span { display: block; }
  .intro-lead { font-size: 29px; }
  .section-heading-row { display: block; margin-bottom: 36px; }
  .experience-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 42px; }
  .column-title { font-size: 21px; }
  .experience-item { min-height: 0; padding: 25px 0; }
  .experience-item h4 { font-size: 28px; }
  .publication-heading h2 { font-size: 46px; }
  .publication-list li { grid-template-columns: 20px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 10px; padding: 26px 0; }
  .publication-list h3 { font-size: 23px; }
  .publication-venue { font-size: 12px; }
  .authors { font-size: 14px; }
  .publication-journal { font-size: 13px; }
  .education-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .education-copy h2 { font-size: 46px; }
  .education-list h3 { font-size: 25px; }
  .graduation-photo { margin: 0 10px; }
  .graduation-photo figcaption { flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-left: 18px; }
  .graduation-year { font-size: 68px; }
  .teaching h2 { font-size: 46px; }
  .teaching-list > div { grid-template-columns: 94px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 13px; padding: 18px 0; }
  .teaching-list dt { font-size: 14px; }
  .teaching-list dd { font-size: 17px; }
  .sparring-copy { display: block; }
  .sparring-copy h2 { font-size: clamp(45px, 13.3vw, 78px); }
  .interests-copy { margin-top: 26px; font-size: 16px; }
  .sparring-grid { gap: 30px; }
  .sparring-feature > img { aspect-ratio: 1.2; }
  .training-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; margin-top: 32px; }
  .training-wide, .training-tall, .training-team, .gallery-note { grid-column: 1; grid-row: auto; margin: 0; }
  .training-tall { width: 84%; justify-self: end; }
  .gallery-note { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: center; }
  .gallery-note-rule { grid-column: 1; margin-bottom: 12px; }
  .gallery-note p { grid-column: 1; font-size: 16px; }
  .beyond-intro { padding-bottom: 40px; }
  .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 36px; margin-bottom: 54px; }
  .contact h2 { font-size: 46px; }
  .email-link { font-size: 16px; gap: 8px; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; font-size: 12px; }
  .contact { padding-bottom: 26px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition: none !important; animation: none !important; }
}